Adham Saouli is Senior Lecturer in International Relations and Middle East Politics at the University of St. Andrews. His research interests include historical sociology, state formation, and social movements; international relations of the Middle East; politics and foreign policy of divided states (Lebanon, Syria, and Iraq) and non-state actors (especially Hizbullah). He is the author of The Arab State: Dilemmas of Late Formation (Routledge, 2012) and Hizbullah: Socialisation and its Tragic Ironies (Edinburgh University Press, 2018). His study, "Performing the Egyptian Revolution: Origins of Collective Restraint Action in the Midan" (Political Studies, 2015) was nominated for the Harrison Prize.